Publishing Mark

What I found most interesting about the earlier workers and printers was the way that they showed ownership over their work.

These days, each person has a signature.  We are made unique by our last names and the way in which we sign our names.  There is never two who are exactly alike.  Personally, I find this a very efficient use of the alphabet that we have worked so long to develop.

In the origins of writing, however, there was often no such thing as a way to write ones name, especially as many people were illiterate.  As such, the early peoples of Mesopotamia developed what was called "personal seals."

http://mesopotamia.mrdonn.org/cylinderseals.html

These seal were careful, and unique carvings around a cylinder that, when pressed into wet clay, would leave a mark at the bottom of pages, or the base of products.  These cylinder seals continued to be popular throughout Greek and Roman times, until the rise of the more modern empires made their use all but unnecessary.

With the rising of more modern Europe, came the new, and much simpler alphabet.  Which made it easier for many people to read, and as such, made more people want books.  As the demand grew, printing presses developed.

As the printing press developed, people again sought ways to claim their work.  This developed publishing marks.

Originally these marks were very simple, very personal marks.  Many often had religious, or local connotation.

These days, publishing logos are from big companies, their original creations mired in years and stories.  We now recognize companies, rather than an individual when we see their logos.

http://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/nov/16/penguin-self-publishing

Watson_Guptill_logo.png

Concerning Literacy

I think what struck me most about the development of language was how many people originally were literate.  These days, particularly in the United States, there is a school right around the corner, and everyone is required to attend, at least for a time.  There isn't, or shouldn't be quite as much illiteracy as there is in the States.

According to do something.org, "1 in 4 children in America grow up without learning how to read."

In a country with schools everywhere, this is an unbelievable number.  And we don't really have an excuse as to why things are this way.

In earlier times, I can understand why you would have only a small group of people that could read or write.  After all, these are images of essentially the same thing, and yet, their direction is different, the detail changes, and apparently there can be more or less in terms of letters depending on where you get your information from.

http://cdn.ngkids.co.uk/dynamic/features_legacy/content/20130905025737223814147.jpg

http://discoveringegypt.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/hiero1.jpg

But today, our alphabet consists of only twenty-six letters.  That isn't very many.  In fact, it's harder to remember the Declaration of Independence than it is to remember the alphabet, and typically in America we learn those things at the same time.

So why are there so many people that can't read?

The unfortunate thing is that we really don't have an answer.  Some people just fall through the cracks: even though they've been going to school somehow they manage to scrape by without actually being literate, not ever getting help to improve that skill.  Some people don't have the means to get the additional help that they need and so they never put the effort into reading and writing.  And, difficult as it may be to believe, especially in California, some people just aren't going to school.

There isn't one clear answer as to why people can't read or write.  But statistically, those who can't read have a higher rate of being jailed than those who can.  Which, for me, is where I come back to the ancient times and the fact that so few people could read.  Obviously we, humans, managed to get through centuries with only selective literacy.  And while these older societies weren't perfect, the inability to read and write didn't correlate quite so strongly with the chance that a person was going to commit a crime. 

Which brings me to the one question that I cannot answer:

       What changed?

Module 1. Preface and Every Picture in the Book

My immediate thought after finishing this reading assignment was about the abundance of text.

I've never considered myself to be especially knowledgeable in the area of graphic design, actually, it frequently seems that for every thing I think I know there are ten other things for me to learn. Originally, I'd believed that Graphic Design had to do solely with graphics. At some point I realized just how naive that was. What is a graphic, but art?

The introduction of Megg's book really did clear up a few things for me, however. Learning that the term "Graphic Design" is so new really helped to explain to me exactly what things were going to be coming from. I realize now that graphic design involves so much more than just the colors and structures on the page.